A laminar flow hood is a specialized piece of equipment used in laboratories to provide a sterile working environment. It uses a fan to draw air through a filter, creating a continuous flow of clean air that protects samples and experiments from contamination. This is particularly important in fields like microbiology and pharmaceuticals. The hood typically has a transparent front, allowing users to work inside while maintaining visibility. There are two main types: horizontal and vertical flow hoods, which differ in the direction of airflow. Both types are essential for ensuring safety and precision in sensitive scientific work.