Lactones are a type of cyclic ester formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. They are characterized by a ring structure that can vary in size, typically containing three to thirteen carbon atoms. Lactones are commonly found in nature, contributing to the flavors and aromas of various fruits and plants. These compounds play important roles in the food and fragrance industries. For example, γ-butyrolactone is used as a solvent and in the production of certain pharmaceuticals, while lactones like coconut lactone are used to create tropical scents in perfumes.