Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of beneficial microorganisms that play a crucial role in fermentation. They convert sugars into lactic acid, which helps preserve food and enhances its flavor. LAB are commonly found in dairy products like yogurt and cheese, as well as in fermented vegetables such as sauerkraut and kimchi. These bacteria are known for their health benefits, including improving gut health and boosting the immune system. Some well-known species of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. Their ability to produce lactic acid also makes them important in the production of various fermented foods worldwide.