The lack of affordable housing refers to the shortage of homes that are reasonably priced for low- and middle-income families. This issue arises when housing costs, including rent and mortgage payments, exceed what many households can afford, often consuming a large portion of their income. As a result, many people struggle to find suitable living conditions without facing financial hardship. This situation can lead to increased homelessness and overcrowding, as families are forced to live in substandard conditions or share homes with others. Additionally, the lack of affordable housing can contribute to social inequality, as it limits access to essential services and opportunities for those affected, particularly in urban areas where demand is high.