Kidney abnormalities refer to any irregularities in the structure or function of the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste from the blood and regulating fluid balance. Common types of kidney abnormalities include polycystic kidney disease, where fluid-filled cysts form in the kidneys, and glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units. These abnormalities can lead to various health issues, such as chronic kidney disease or kidney stones. Symptoms may include swelling, changes in urine output, and high blood pressure. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent further complications and maintain kidney health.