Iron superoxide dismutase (iron SOD) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. It catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radicals, which are harmful byproducts of cellular metabolism, into less toxic molecules like hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. This process helps maintain cellular health and function. Iron SOD is found in various organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. It contains iron as a cofactor, which is essential for its enzymatic activity. By mitigating oxidative damage, iron SOD contributes to the overall antioxidant defense system in living organisms, supporting their survival and adaptation to environmental stressors.