Interpolation is a mathematical technique used to estimate unknown values that fall within a range of known data points. For example, if you have data on the temperature at different times of the day, interpolation can help you predict the temperature at a specific time that wasn't directly measured. There are various methods of interpolation, such as linear interpolation, which connects two known points with a straight line, and polynomial interpolation, which uses polynomials to estimate values. This technique is widely used in fields like data analysis, computer graphics, and engineering to create smooth transitions between data points.