Intentionalism is a theory in literary and art criticism that emphasizes the importance of an author's or artist's intentions in interpreting their work. According to this perspective, understanding the creator's goals, context, and motivations can provide deeper insights into the meaning and significance of a piece. This approach contrasts with other theories that prioritize the audience's interpretation or the text itself, independent of the creator's intent. In the context of literary criticism, intentionalism suggests that knowing the background of the author, such as their experiences and beliefs, can enhance the appreciation of their work. For example, understanding Virginia Woolf's views on gender and society can illuminate themes in her novels. This focus on intention helps critics and readers engage more meaningfully with the text.