The insulin receptor is a protein found on the surface of cells that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, binds to this receptor, it triggers a series of cellular responses that allow cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. This process helps maintain normal blood sugar levels and provides energy for the body. Insulin receptors are primarily located in tissues such as muscle, fat, and liver. They are essential for the proper functioning of the body's metabolism. Dysfunction in insulin receptors can lead to conditions like insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, where the body's ability to respond to insulin is impaired.