An "instance" refers to a specific occurrence or example of something. In programming, an instance often describes a single object created from a class, which is a blueprint for creating objects. For example, if Dog is a class, then a specific Dog named "Buddy" is an instance of that class. In everyday language, an instance can also mean a particular case or situation. For instance, if someone says, "In this instance, we should be cautious," they are referring to a specific situation that requires careful consideration. Instances help clarify and illustrate broader concepts by providing concrete examples.