Infant mortality refers to the death of a baby before their first birthday. It is often measured as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births in a specific time period. High rates of infant mortality can indicate issues in healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions within a community. Factors contributing to infant mortality include premature birth, birth defects, and complications during delivery. Access to quality healthcare, maternal education, and socioeconomic status also play significant roles in reducing these rates. Efforts to improve maternal and child health can help lower infant mortality rates globally.