An independent T-test is a statistical method used to compare the means of two separate groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them. This test assumes that the two groups are independent, meaning that the data from one group does not influence the other. It is commonly used in research to analyze the effects of different treatments or conditions on distinct populations. To perform an independent T-test, researchers calculate the T-statistic, which measures the difference between the group means relative to the variability within the groups. A resulting p-value indicates whether the observed difference is statistically significant, helping researchers draw conclusions about their data.