Immunoassays are laboratory techniques used to detect and measure specific proteins or other substances in a sample, such as blood or urine. They rely on the unique binding properties of antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system. By using these antibodies, scientists can identify the presence and concentration of target molecules, making immunoassays valuable in diagnostics and research. There are various types of immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). These methods can be used to diagnose diseases, monitor health conditions, and even measure hormone levels. Their sensitivity and specificity make them essential tools in clinical laboratories.