Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a blood disorder characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to easy bruising, bleeding, and the appearance of small purple spots on the skin called purpura. Platelets are essential for blood clotting, and when their levels drop, the risk of bleeding increases. ITP occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets. This condition can be either acute, often seen in children after a viral infection, or chronic, which is more common in adults. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, or, in severe cases, surgery to remove the spleen.