An image sensor is a device that converts light into electrical signals, allowing cameras and other imaging devices to capture pictures. It is commonly found in digital cameras, smartphones, and other optical devices. The two main types of image sensors are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor), each with its own advantages in terms of image quality and power consumption. Image sensors work by using millions of tiny light-sensitive elements called pixels. When light hits these pixels, they generate electrical charges that are then processed to create a digital image. The quality of the image depends on factors like sensor size, resolution, and technology used, impacting how well it performs in different lighting conditions.