Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain injury that occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and blood flow. This condition can happen during childbirth, often due to complications such as umbilical cord problems or placental abruption. The lack of oxygen can lead to damage in brain cells, affecting various functions. Symptoms of HIE can vary widely, ranging from mild developmental delays to severe neurological impairments. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. Treatment may include supportive care and therapies aimed at minimizing brain damage and promoting recovery.