Hypersplenism is a condition where the spleen becomes overactive, leading to the excessive removal of blood cells from circulation. This can result in low levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, causing symptoms like fatigue, increased risk of infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. The condition can be caused by various factors, including liver disease, certain infections, or blood disorders. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and imaging studies to assess spleen size and function. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include medications or, in severe cases, splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen).