Hydrological models are mathematical representations used to simulate the movement, distribution, and quality of water within the hydrological cycle. These models help scientists and engineers understand how water flows through different environments, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater systems. They can predict how changes in land use, climate, or water management practices affect water resources. These models can be categorized into different types, including empirical models, which rely on observed data, and conceptual models, which use theoretical frameworks. Hydrological models are essential tools for managing water resources, predicting floods, and assessing the impacts of environmental changes.