Hydroelectric turbines are machines that convert the energy of flowing water into electricity. They are commonly used in hydroelectric power plants, where water from rivers or dams is directed through the turbines. As the water flows, it spins the blades of the turbine, which then turns a generator to produce electricity. These turbines come in various designs, including Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton types, each suited for different water flow conditions. The efficiency of hydroelectric turbines makes them a popular choice for renewable energy, helping to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.