Water turbines are devices that convert the energy of flowing or falling water into mechanical energy. They are commonly used in hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity. The movement of water spins the turbine blades, which are connected to a generator that produces electrical power. There are different types of water turbines, including Francis turbines, Pelton wheels, and Kaplan turbines. Each type is designed for specific water flow conditions and energy requirements. Water turbines play a crucial role in renewable energy production, helping to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions.