Hydrochlorothiazide is a medication commonly used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention. It belongs to a class of drugs known as thiazide diuretics, which help the body eliminate excess salt and water through urine. By reducing blood volume, it lowers blood pressure and decreases the workload on the heart. This medication is often prescribed alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Patients taking hydrochlorothiazide may experience side effects such as increased urination, dizziness, or electrolyte imbalances. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to ensure its effectiveness and safety.