Humus is a dark, organic material found in soil, formed from the decomposition of plant and animal matter. It plays a crucial role in maintaining soil health by improving its structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Humus is rich in essential nutrients that support plant growth, making it vital for agriculture and gardening. The presence of humus enhances soil fertility and promotes a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms. These microorganisms help break down organic matter further, releasing nutrients that plants can absorb. Overall, humus is essential for sustainable land management and the productivity of farmland and gardens.