Humoral immunity is a part of the immune system that involves the production of antibodies by B cells. These antibodies are proteins that specifically target and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses. When a pathogen enters the body, B cells recognize it and begin to multiply, producing large amounts of antibodies that can bind to the pathogen and mark it for destruction. This type of immunity is crucial for defending against infections in body fluids, such as blood and lymph. The antibodies can also provide long-lasting protection by forming a memory, allowing the immune system to respond more quickly if the same pathogen invades again in the future.