Hormonal changes refer to the fluctuations in the levels of hormones in the body, which can affect various physical and emotional functions. These changes often occur during significant life events, such as puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. For example, during puberty, the body produces more estrogen and testosterone, leading to growth spurts and changes in mood. These hormonal shifts can also be influenced by factors like stress, diet, and sleep. For instance, high stress can increase the level of cortisol, which may lead to anxiety or weight gain. Understanding these changes can help individuals manage their health and well-being more effectively.