Homologous recombination is a biological process that occurs during cell division, specifically in meiosis and mitosis. It involves the exchange of genetic material between two similar or identical DNA molecules. This process helps ensure genetic diversity in offspring and plays a crucial role in repairing damaged DNA. During homologous recombination, enzymes facilitate the alignment of homologous chromosomes, allowing for the precise exchange of segments. This exchange can lead to new combinations of genes, which can enhance adaptability and evolution in organisms. Additionally, it is essential for maintaining genetic stability and preventing mutations.