High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It works by passing a liquid sample through a column filled with a solid stationary phase. The different components in the sample interact with the stationary phase at varying degrees, leading to their separation as they flow through the column. HPLC is widely used in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, environmental testing, and food safety. It allows for precise analysis of complex mixtures, making it essential for quality control and research. The method is known for its speed, efficiency, and ability to handle small sample sizes.