Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone produced mainly by the liver. It plays a crucial role in regulating iron levels in the body by controlling the absorption of iron from the diet and its release from stores. When iron levels are sufficient, hepcidin production increases, leading to reduced iron absorption and release. In conditions of inflammation or infection, hepcidin levels can rise, which helps limit iron availability to pathogens. Conversely, low hepcidin levels can lead to increased iron absorption, potentially resulting in conditions like iron overload or anemia. Understanding hepcidin is essential for managing various iron-related disorders.