Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious condition that primarily affects the kidneys. It often occurs after an infection, particularly from certain strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), which can cause severe diarrhea. The infection leads to the destruction of red blood cells, resulting in anemia, and can cause kidney failure due to damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys. Symptoms of HUS include abdominal pain, vomiting, and decreased urine output. It is most common in children but can affect people of all ages. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as hydration and monitoring kidney function, and in severe cases, dialysis may be necessary.