Heart valve replacement is a surgical procedure that involves removing a damaged or diseased heart valve and replacing it with a new one. This can be done using either a mechanical valve, made from durable materials, or a biological valve, made from animal tissue. The surgery aims to restore normal blood flow through the heart and improve overall heart function. Patients may need this procedure if they experience symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest pain due to conditions such as valvular heart disease or rheumatic fever. Recovery typically involves a hospital stay and a rehabilitation program to help regain strength and health.