Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that develop in the tissues of the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, larynx, sinuses, and nasal cavity. These cancers can arise from various types of cells, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. Risk factors include tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain viral infections, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms of head and neck cancer may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, changes in voice, or lumps in the neck. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Regular check-ups and awareness of risk factors can help in prevention and early diagnosis.