Group 13 of the periodic table, also known as the boron group, consists of five elements: boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. These elements have three electrons in their outermost shell, which influences their chemical properties. They typically form covalent bonds and can exhibit both metallic and non-metallic characteristics. The group is notable for its diverse applications. For instance, aluminum is widely used in construction and packaging, while boron is essential in glass and ceramics. Additionally, gallium is used in electronics, and indium is important for touchscreens and solar panels.