Groundwater contamination occurs when harmful substances, such as chemicals or pollutants, seep into underground water sources. This can happen through various means, including industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, and leaking underground storage tanks. Once contaminated, groundwater can pose serious health risks to people and ecosystems that rely on it for drinking water and irrigation. Common contaminants include pesticides, heavy metals, and nitrates. These substances can travel long distances through soil and rock, making it challenging to identify and clean up contaminated sites. Protecting groundwater is essential for ensuring safe drinking water and maintaining healthy environments.