Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This occurs primarily in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. It is essential for maintaining blood sugar levels during fasting or intense exercise when carbohydrate stores are low. The process involves converting substrates like lactate, glycerol, and certain amino acids into glucose. Enzymes play a crucial role in this pathway, ensuring that the body can produce glucose when dietary intake is insufficient. Gluconeogenesis helps provide energy to vital organs, especially the brain, which relies heavily on glucose.