Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) materials are a type of magnetic material that exhibit a significant change in electrical resistance when exposed to a magnetic field. This effect is primarily observed in thin films composed of alternating layers of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metals. GMR is widely used in various applications, including data storage devices like hard drives and magnetic sensors. The discovery of GMR in the late 1980s by physicists Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg led to advancements in technology, particularly in the field of spintronics. This technology leverages the spin of electrons, enhancing the performance and efficiency of electronic devices. GMR has become essential in modern electronics, enabling faster data processing and storage.