Geons are simple geometric shapes that serve as the building blocks for recognizing three-dimensional objects. Proposed by cognitive psychologist Irving Biederman, geons can be combined in various ways to form complex structures. There are 36 different geons, including shapes like cylinders, cones, and blocks, which help the brain identify objects quickly and efficiently. The theory of geons is part of the Recognition-by-Components model, which suggests that our visual system breaks down objects into these basic shapes. This process allows us to recognize objects from different angles and under varying conditions, contributing to our ability to perceive and understand the world around us.