Geological history refers to the timeline of Earth's formation and the changes it has undergone over billions of years. This history is recorded in rock layers, which reveal information about past environments, climate changes, and the evolution of life. Key events include the formation of the Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, the emergence of the first life forms, and the mass extinctions that shaped the planet's biodiversity. Scientists study geological history through various methods, including radiometric dating and stratigraphy. These techniques help determine the age of rocks and fossils, allowing researchers to piece together the sequence of events that have shaped the Earth's surface. Understanding geological history is crucial for comprehending current environmental changes and predicting future geological events.