Geological formations are natural structures made up of rock layers that have been shaped over time by various geological processes. These formations can include mountains, valleys, and cliffs, and they often reveal important information about the Earth's history, such as the types of rocks present and the conditions under which they were formed. Different geological formations can be classified based on their composition and age. For example, sedimentary formations are created from particles that settle over time, while igneous formations arise from cooled magma. Understanding these formations helps scientists study the Earth's past and predict future geological events, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.