Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are research methods used to identify genetic variations linked to specific traits or diseases. By analyzing the genomes of large groups of individuals, researchers can find common genetic markers that may contribute to conditions like diabetes or heart disease. This helps in understanding the genetic basis of these diseases. In a GWAS, scientists compare the DNA of people with a particular trait to those without it. They look for differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are variations in the DNA sequence. The findings can lead to better prevention strategies and treatments for various health issues.