Genetika is the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms. It explores how traits are passed from parents to offspring through DNA, the molecule that carries genetic information. This field helps us understand how characteristics like eye color or height are inherited and can also explain genetic disorders. Researchers in genetika use various techniques to analyze genes and their functions. This includes studying chromosomes, which are structures that organize DNA, and conducting experiments with model organisms like fruit flies or mice. The knowledge gained from genetika has applications in medicine, agriculture, and conservation.