Gangliosides are complex molecules found in the cell membranes of many tissues, particularly in the nervous system. They are composed of a glycosphingolipid backbone, which includes a sugar chain and a fatty acid. Gangliosides play a crucial role in cell signaling, cell recognition, and the maintenance of cell structure. These molecules are especially abundant in the brain and spinal cord, where they contribute to the proper functioning of neurons. Abnormalities in ganglioside metabolism can lead to various diseases, including certain types of neurodegenerative disorders and lysosomal storage diseases.