G-modes, or gravity modes, are oscillations in a star that are driven by the force of gravity. These modes occur when the buoyancy force acts to restore equilibrium after a disturbance, allowing the star to vibrate in specific patterns. G-modes are particularly important in the study of stellar interiors, as they can provide insights into the internal structure and dynamics of stars. In asteroseismology, scientists analyze the frequencies of g-modes to learn about a star's composition, age, and evolutionary state. By observing these oscillations, researchers can gain valuable information about the processes occurring deep within stars, enhancing our understanding of stellar evolution and the life cycles of celestial bodies.