Helioseismology is the study of the Sun's internal structure and dynamics by observing its surface oscillations. These oscillations are caused by sound waves generated within the Sun, which travel through its layers. By analyzing the frequencies and patterns of these waves, scientists can infer details about the Sun's composition, temperature, and movement. This field of research has provided valuable insights into solar phenomena, such as solar flares and sunspots. Understanding these processes helps improve predictions of solar activity, which can impact Earth's climate and technology, including satellite operations and power grids.