The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a phenomenon observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. In this state, the electrical resistance of the system quantizes into fractions of fundamental values, leading to unique properties that differ from the integer quantum Hall effect. This effect arises due to electron interactions, resulting in the formation of collective excitations called quasiparticles. These quasiparticles carry fractional charge, which is a key feature of the FQHE, and it has significant implications for understanding topological phases of matter and condensed matter physics.