Fotosentez, or photosynthesis, is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. During this process, these organisms use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to produce glucose, a type of sugar that serves as food. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. This process primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where the green pigment chlorophyll captures sunlight. Fotosentez is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the oxygen we breathe and forms the base of the food chain, supporting various ecosystems.