Fosfor, or phosphorus, is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is a non-metal that is essential for life, playing a crucial role in biological processes such as energy transfer and the formation of DNA and RNA. Phosphorus is commonly found in nature in various forms, including phosphates, which are vital for plant growth. In its pure form, phosphorus exists in several allotropes, including white, red, and black phosphorus. White phosphorus is highly reactive and can ignite spontaneously in air, while red phosphorus is more stable and used in safety matches. Phosphorus is also an important component of fertilizers, helping to enhance crop yields.