Foam materials are lightweight substances made up of a network of gas-filled bubbles. They can be created from various polymers, such as polyurethane or polystyrene, and are commonly used in products like cushions, mattresses, and packaging. The structure of foam allows it to absorb shock and provide insulation, making it versatile for many applications. There are different types of foam, including memory foam, which conforms to the shape of an object, and open-cell foam, which has interconnected bubbles that allow air and moisture to pass through. These properties make foam materials popular in industries ranging from furniture to automotive manufacturing.