A fluxgate is a type of magnetometer used to measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields. It operates by using a core material that becomes magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field. The device typically consists of two coils wrapped around a magnetic core, which helps to detect changes in the magnetic field by measuring the induced voltage in the coils. Fluxgates are commonly used in various applications, including geophysics, space exploration, and navigation systems. They are particularly valuable for detecting weak magnetic fields, making them essential tools in scientific research and technology development.