A fluorescence microscope is a specialized optical instrument used to observe specimens that emit light after being excited by a specific wavelength. It utilizes fluorescent dyes or proteins that bind to cellular components, allowing researchers to visualize structures and processes within cells. This technique is particularly valuable in fields like cell biology and biomedical research. The microscope works by illuminating the sample with a high-intensity light source, typically a mercury lamp or LED, which excites the fluorescent molecules. The emitted light is then filtered and captured, producing detailed images that reveal the distribution and dynamics of various cellular components, enhancing our understanding of biological functions.