Flat washers are thin, disc-shaped pieces of material, typically made from metal or plastic, used in various mechanical applications. Their primary function is to distribute the load of a fastener, such as a bolt or nut, over a larger area. This helps prevent damage to the surface being fastened and reduces the risk of loosening due to vibration. These washers come in various sizes and thicknesses to accommodate different fasteners and applications. They are commonly used in construction, automotive, and machinery settings. Flat washers are essential components in ensuring the stability and longevity of assembled structures and equipment.