Lock washers are specialized fasteners designed to prevent nuts and bolts from loosening due to vibration or movement. They are typically made from metal and come in various shapes, such as split, toothed, or wave, each serving a specific purpose in securing connections. When installed under a nut or bolt head, lock washers create tension that resists loosening. This added security is crucial in applications like machinery, automotive, and construction, where reliability is essential. Proper selection and installation of lock washers can significantly enhance the durability of mechanical assemblies and structural components.